Book Reviews     

《The Professional geographer》2003,55(4):528-529

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Modelling the effects of temperature and food on individual growth and reproduction of Daphnia and their consequences on the population level     

Karsten Rinke  Thomas Petzoldt 《Limnologica》2003,33(4):293-304

Individual based simulations of population dynamics require the availability of growth models with adequate complexity. For this purpose a simple-to-use model (non-linear multiple regression approach) is presented describing somatic growth and reproduction of Daphnia as a function of time, temperature and food quantity. The model showed a good agreement with published observations of somatic growth (r² = 0.954, n = 88) and egg production (r² = 0.898, n = 35). Temperature is the main determinant of initial somatic growth and food concentration is the main determinant of maximal body length and clutch size. An individual based simulation was used to demonstrate the simultaneous effects of food and temperature on the population level. Evidently, both temperature and food supply affected the population growth rate but at food concentrations above approximately 0.4 mg Cl⁻¹ Scenedesmus acutus temperature appeared as the main determinant of population growth.

Four simulation examples are given to show the wide applicability of the model: (1) analysis of the correlation between population birth rate and somatic growth rate, (2) contribution of egg development time and delayed somatic growth to temperature-effects on population growth, (3) comparison of population birth rate in simulations with constant vs. decreasing size at maturity with declining food concentrations and (4) costs of diel vertical migration. Due to its plausible behaviour over a broad range of temperature (2–20 °C) and food conditions (0.1–4 mg Cl⁻¹) the model can be used as a module for more detailed simulations of Daphnia population dynamics under realistic environmental conditions.  相似文献   

A review of the physics and ecological implications of the thermal bar circulation     

Paul R. Holland  Anthony Kay 《Limnologica》2003,33(3):153-162

Following recent applications of numerical modelling and remote sensing to the thermal bar phenomenon, this paper seeks to review the current state of knowledge on the effect of its circulation on lacustrine plankton ecosystems. After summarising the literature on thermal bar hydrodynamics, a thorough review is made of all plankton observations taken in the presence of a thermal bar. Two distinct plankton growth regimes are found, one with production favoured throughout the inshore region and another with a maximum in plankton biomass near the position of the thermal bar. Possible explanations for the observed distributions are then discussed, with reference to numerical modelling studies, and the scope for future study of this interdisciplinary topic is outlined.  相似文献   

磷脂脂肪酸在地下水微生物生态学中的应用及存在的若干问题   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

潘响亮  邓伟  张道勇 《地理科学》2003,23(6):740-745

磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)是研究地下水微生物生态的一种新兴技术，它比基于培养基的传统方法有许多明显的优势，但同时也存在一些需要解决的问题。样品中的PLFA总量可以通过转换因子估算地下水微生物的生物量，但微生物群落组成的差异和环境的物理变化都是潜在的误差来源，以传统微生物技术互补和选择合适的转换因子可提高结果的可靠性；PLFA还可以被用来指示地下水微生物在各种环境压力下的生理状态；用特定的PLFA生物标志物、PLFA的组成模式、指纹技术来描述地下水微生物的群落结构和变化特征时，存在的主要问题是不同微生物PLFA的重叠、背景值的干扰和环境因子变化的影响，以PLFA技术为主导，借助于数学统计方法，结合传统微生物技术、核酸鉴定、同位素示踪等多种技术可望有效地消除各种干扰因子，从而揭示完整的地下水微生物的生理生态，为地下水污染的生物修复提供理论指导。  相似文献   

三江源生态环境监测研究   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9  

王江山  李海红  许正旭 《气象》2003,29(11):49-51

青海省生态环境监测系统主要由遍布全省各典型生态系统区的生态环境监测站网、卫星遥感信息接收处理系统，信息收集、处理、模拟、评价系统，综合信息服务与反馈等部分组成。建立环境监测系统的目的是对青海省的生态环境进行系统监测和评估，及时为各级政府、有关部门和公众提供准确、全面的生态环境监测信息，为生态环境保护和建设提供科学依据。青海省生态环境监测系统于2003年5月1日开始业务运行，目前尚处于起步阶段。  相似文献   

Are assemblages of black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri) in different estuaries genetically distinct?     

J.A. Chaplin  G.A. Baudains  H.S. Gill  R. Mcculloch  I.C. Potter 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1997,6(4):303-321

Samples of the estuarine-spawning teleostAcanthopagrus butcheri were collected from nine estuaries and a coastal lake, located in the Pilbara and South-western drainage divisions of Western Australia and distributed along a coastline covering a distance of nearly 2,000 km. The patterns of allozyme variation in these samples were used to explore the extent to which there was variation in the genetic compositions of black bream assemblages in geographically-isolated estuarine systems, and whether or not any such variation could be related to the geographical location or type of estuary. Although only three of 36 scorable loci (Gpi-1, Ldh andMdh-2) exhibited variation that could be used for analysis, there was considerable variation in allele frequencies at these loci among the different samples (mean F_ST=0.166). Much of the detected variation was attributable to differences between the samples collected from the two drainage divisions, which are located in very different climatic regions. Furthermore, the genetic compositions of samples from neighbouring estuaries were typically more similar to each other than to those of samples collected from more distantly-located systems. However, the assemblages in one west coast and two south coast estuaries, that are closed to the ocean for extensive periods of time during the year, all showed very similar genetic compositions. Nevertheless, it is crucial to recognise that, pairwise comparisons of samples collected from the different estuaries, both within and between the two drainage divisions, almost invariably showed statistically significant differences in allele frequencies at one or more loci. Thus, our results indicate that the local populations of black bream in individual estuaries are genetically distinct, which is probably a consequence of both a limited movement by individuals between estuaries and the effects of differences in regional and local environmental conditions.  相似文献   

中国干旱半干旱区农业生态地质环境系统工程研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汤洁  林年丰 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1996,(1)

干旱半干旱区是当前我国农业经济发展最有潜力的地区。可是，该区生态环境脆弱，并受到一定程度的破坏。利用系统工程学的原理，从农业生态地质环境容量的角度出发，对该区的农业生态地质环境的演化过程和演化模式进行了研究，进而提出了农业生态地质环境系统工程研究模式。在调控社会人口和经济发展的基础上，合理开发利用水、土、生物资源，保护治理生态环境，提高自然资源环境的承载力，抑制对资源环境的破坏力，使该区农业生态环境得以恢复和重建，建立起稳定持续发展的农业基地。  相似文献   

论资源与环境的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

柯海玲  杜佩轩 《陕西地质》2004,22(1):83-87

资源与环境是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础和条件，作为地球生态的两个方面，二者共同构成矛盾的统一体，相辅相成又相互制约。当与经济联系起来时，便具有确稀缺性和极限性。  相似文献   

三峡大坝建成后长江输沙量的减少及其对长江三角洲的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

李从先  杨守业  范代读  赵娟 《第四纪研究》2004,24(4):495-500

三峡大坝建成之后,大量泥沙滞留于库区,出库泥沙量减少,坝下河床冲刷而提供相当数量的泥沙,支流湖泊供沙也发生变化,这将使进入河口地区的泥沙有所减少。三峡大坝以上长江干流和支流建设新的大坝,南水北调、封山育林、退耕还林以及减少水土流失都将进一步减少长江进入河口地区的泥沙。由此估计,三峡大坝建成后的百年内长江输入河口地区的泥沙约为2.0×10⁸～2.5×10⁸t/a;冰后期长江三角洲形成和发育期间的长江年均输沙量为1.84×10⁸～2.28×10⁸t。二者的数值相当接近,然而与近50年的观测(4.33×10⁸t/a)相差甚远,长江流域的气候变化和人类活动可能是造成这一现象的原因。文章着重说明中国和长江上游人口的增长、种植作物的改变可能是水土流失、长江泥沙量增长的主要原因。  相似文献   

Wildlife management and land reform in southeastern Zimbabwe: a compatible pairing or a contradiction in terms?     

William Wolmer  Joseph Chaumba 《Geoforum》2004,35(1):87-98

This paper examines the melding of two discourses in southeastern Zimbabwe: land reform and wildlife management. The former seeks to redistribute large, ‘under-utilized’ landholdings to smallholders whilst the latter needs extensive land holdings to be viable. These two discourses are rooted in very different models of development. The land reform exercise emphasizes direct redistribution, equity and land for crops; whilst the wildlife management discourse tends to stress maximizing foreign exchange earnings, encouraging public-private partnerships and trickle down. Yet there has been a recent flurry of interest in the development of ‘wildlife models’ for land reform which would combine the two. This paper investigates whether the competing discourses about land for smallholders and wildlife-based land reform are compatible or can be successfully reconciled. It traces the ways they have come together in Zimbabwe’s southeast lowveld and examines the ‘science’ and politics underlying their melding. Finally it explores the potential implications for rural people’s livelihoods of this development. It concludes that land reform and wildlife management can be reconciled, but probably not in a particularly equitable way: it is more likely to provide an opening for an equitable land reform agenda to be usurped by local and non-local elites with wildlife interests.  相似文献